Ogum: quem é e o seu significado (na Umbanda, Candomblé e Sincretismo)
Equipe da Enciclopédia Significados
Ogum é uma divindade de origem africana (orixá) cultuado em religiões afro-brasileiras, como a umbanda e o candomblé.
Ogum é o orixá guerreiro, conhecido pela sua coragem e força. Aliás, em iorubá, grupo étnico-linguístico da África Ocidental, Ogum significa guerra.
Ogum é senhor da metalurgia, tendo domínio sobre o ferro e o aço e todas as ferramentas feitas com esses materiais, como a lança, o martelo, a faca, a ferradura e a enxada. É um orixá associado à luta e também ao trabalho, patrono tanto dos militares quanto dos trabalhadores braçais (sobretudo os ferreiros).
Seu símbolo é a espada e suas cores são o vermelho (na umbanda), o azul, o branco e o verde (no candomblé). No sincretismo das religiões afro-brasileiras, Ogum é associado a São Jorge, o cultuado Santo Guerreiro da religião católica. Por isso, comemora-se o dia de Ogum no mesmo dia de São Jorge: 23 de abril. Seu dia de semana é terça-feira.
Embora não seja um orixá agrícola, Ogum tem uma conexão com o plantio e a colheita, porque foi ele quem fez as primeiras ferramentas utilizadas na agricultura, como a enxada e a foice.
No candomblé e na umbanda, Ogum está associado a São Jorge. Não é incomum que divindades de tradições religiosas africanas sejam representados por santos católicos, já que no passado o culto aos orixás era proibido no Brasil. Por isso, os negros escravizados passaram a associar muitos dos orixás aos santos católicos, fenômeno cultural conhecido como sincretismo religioso.
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